Small molecule products play a crucial role in drug substance development due to their ability to target specific biological pathways. These compounds, with their relatively small size, facilitate efficient absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion within the body. Through meticulous research and development, pharmaceutical companies harness the potential of small molecules to create effective medications for various diseases and conditions. By focusing on the synthesis and optimization of these compounds, drug substance development endeavors to produce safe and potent therapeutic agents that address unmet medical needs and improve patient outcomes.