Pharmacodynamics (PD) refers to the action of a drug to the body, involving receptor binding, post-receptor effects, and chemical interactions. Pharmacokinetics (PK) determines the onset, duration, and intensity of drug action. Successful drug discovery relies on the selection of drug candidates with good in vivo PK properties, as well as appropriate preclinical efficacy and safety. In vivo PK profiling is often a bottleneck in the discovery process.
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